Basic Generation of Computer:-

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Generations of Computer:-


 ➤Computers can be divided into five generations. Here the generation have been described time wise as well as technologies used.






1. First Generation of Computer (1945-1954):- The beginning of commercial computer age is from UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer). It was developed by two scientists Mauchly and Echert at the Census Department of United States in 1947. The first generation computers were used during 1942-1955. They were based on vacuum tubes. Examples of first generation computers are ENIVAC and UNIVAC-1. 

The main features of First Generation are:

  • Vacuum tube technology
  • Unreliable
  • Supported Machine language only
  • Very costly
  • Slow Input Output device
  • Hung Size
  • Generate lot of heat
  • Need of A.C
  • Consumed lot of electricity
  • Non portable
 


2. Second Generation of Computer (1955-1964):- The second generation computers used transistors. The scientists at Bell laboratories developed transistor in 1947. These scientists include John Barden, William Brattain and William Shockley. The size of the computers was decreased by replacing vacuum tubes with transistors. The examples of second generation computers are IBM 7094 series, IBM 1400 series and CDC 164 etc.

The main features of Second Generation are:

  • Use of Transistors
  • Reliable as computer to First generation Computer
  • Smaller size as computer to first generation.
  • Generate less heat as computer to first generation.
  • A.c needed
  • Assembly languages
  • Consumed less electricity


3. Third Generation of Computer (1964-1975):- The Third generation computers used the integrated circuits (IC). Jack Kilby developed the concept of integrated circuit in 1958. It was an important invention in the computer field. The first IC was invented and used in 1961. The size of an IC is about ¼ square inch. A single IC chip may contain thousands of transistors. The computer became smaller in size, faster, more reliable and less expensive. The examples of third generation computers are IBM 370, IBM System/360, UNIVAC 1108 and UNIVAC AC 9000 etc.

The main features of third Generation are:

  • Integrated circuits (IC) used
  • More reliable
  • Smaller size
  • Generate less heat
  • Faster
  • still costly
  • A.c needed
  • High level language
  • Consumed lesser electricity


4. Fourth Generation of Computer (1975-Till Date):- The fourth generation computers started with the invention of Microprocessor. This is the most reliable among and very concise in size to be portable anywhere you want. The size of modern Microprocessors is usually one square inch. It can contain millions of electronic circuits. The examples of fourth generation computers are Apple Macintosh & IBM PC.


The main features of Fourth Generation are:

  • Microprocessor
  • very cheap
  • Portable and reliable
  • Use of PC's
  • Very small size
  • No A.c needed
  • Great developments in the fields of networks



5. Fifth Generation of Computer (Present and next):- Scientists are working hard on the 5th generation computers with quite a few breakthroughs. It is based on the technique of Artificial Intelligence (AI).

The main features of Fifth Generation are:

  • ULSI technology Used 
  • Development of true Artificial Intelligence
  • Development of  natural language 
  • Very small size 








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